与痴呆症相关的认知障碍（CI）在全球范围内影响超过5500万人，并且每3秒钟以一个新病例的速度迅速增长。随着临床试验反复出现的失败，早期诊断至关重要，但是在低水平和中等收入国家中，全球75％的痴呆症病例未被诊断为90％。众所周知，当前的诊断方法是复杂的，涉及对医学笔记，大量认知测试，昂贵的脑部扫描或脊柱液体测试的手动审查。与CI相关的信息经常在电子健康记录（EHR）中找到，并且可以为早期诊断提供重要线索，但是专家的手动审查是繁琐的，并且容易发生。该项目开发了一种新型的最新自动筛选管道，用于可扩展和高速发现EHR中的CI。为了了解EHR中复杂语言结构的语言环境，构建了一个8,656个序列的数据库，以训练基于注意力的深度学习自然语言处理模型以对序列进行分类。使用序列级别分类器开发了基于逻辑回归的患者级别预测模型。深度学习系统的精度达到了93％，AUC = 0.98，以识别其EHR中没有较早诊断，与痴呆有关的诊断代码或与痴呆有关的药物的患者。否则，这些患者将未被发现或检测到太晚。 EHR筛选管道已部署在Neurahealthnlp中，这是一种用于自动化和实时CI筛选的Web应用程序，只需将EHR上传到浏览器中即可。 Neurahealthnlp更便宜，更快，更容易获得，并且胜过当前的临床方法，包括基于文本的分析和机器学习方法。它使得早期诊断可在稀缺的医疗服务中可行，但可访问的互联网或蜂窝服务。

利用TRIMAP引导和融合多级功能是具有像素级预测的基于Trimap的垫子的两个重要问题。为了利用Trimap指导，大多数现有方法只需将TRIMAPS和图像连接在一起，以馈送深网络或应用额外的网络以提取更多的TRIMAP指导，这符合效率和效率之间的冲突。对于新兴的基于内容的特征融合，大多数现有的消光方法仅关注本地特征，这些功能缺乏与有趣对象相关的强大语义信息的全局功能的指导。在本文中，我们提出了一种由我们的Trimap引导的非背景多尺度池（TMP）模块和全球本地背景信息融合（GLF）模块组成的Trimap-Goided Feats挖掘和融合网络。考虑到Trimap提供强大的语义指导，我们的TMP模块在Trimap的指导下对有趣的对象进行了有效的特征挖掘，而无需额外参数。此外，我们的GLF模块使用我们的TMP模块开采的有趣物体的全局语义信息，以指导有效的全局本地上下文感知多级功能融合。此外，我们建立了一个共同的有趣的物体消光（CIOM）数据集，以推进高质量的图像消光。在组合物-1K测试集，Alphamatting基准和我们的CIOM测试集上的实验结果表明，我们的方法优于最先进的方法。代码和模型将很快公开发布。

痴呆症是一种神经退行性疾病，导致认知下降，并影响全世界超过5000万人。痴呆症是由医疗保健专业人士诊断的 - 只有患有痴呆症的四个人中只有一名诊断出来。即使制造诊断，也可能无法作为患者图表中的疾病（ICD）诊断码的结构化国际分类。与认知障碍（CI）有关的信息通常在电子健康记录（EHR）中发现，但专家临床医生票据的手工审查既耗时，往往容易出错。本票据的自动化挖掘为在EHR数据中标记有认知障碍患者的机会。我们开发了自然语言处理（NLP）工具，以识别具有认知障碍的患者，并证明语言背景提高了认知障碍分类任务的性能。我们微调我们的注意力深入学习模型，可以从复杂的语言结构中学习，并且相对于基线NLP模型的精度（0.93）大大提高（0.84）。此外，我们表明深度学习NLP可以成功识别没有痴呆相关的ICD代码或药物的痴呆症患者。

Causal deep learning (CDL) is a new and important research area in the larger field of machine learning. With CDL, researchers aim to structure and encode causal knowledge in the extremely flexible representation space of deep learning models. Doing so will lead to more informed, robust, and general predictions and inference -- which is important! However, CDL is still in its infancy. For example, it is not clear how we ought to compare different methods as they are so different in their output, the way they encode causal knowledge, or even how they represent this knowledge. This is a living paper that categorises methods in causal deep learning beyond Pearl's ladder of causation. We refine the rungs in Pearl's ladder, while also adding a separate dimension that categorises the parametric assumptions of both input and representation, arriving at the map of causal deep learning. Our map covers machine learning disciplines such as supervised learning, reinforcement learning, generative modelling and beyond. Our paradigm is a tool which helps researchers to: find benchmarks, compare methods, and most importantly: identify research gaps. With this work we aim to structure the avalanche of papers being published on causal deep learning. While papers on the topic are being published daily, our map remains fixed. We open-source our map for others to use as they see fit: perhaps to offer guidance in a related works section, or to better highlight the contribution of their paper.

封闭形式的微分方程，包括部分微分方程和高阶普通微分方程，是科学家用来建模和更好地理解自然现象的最重要工具之一。直接从数据中发现这些方程是具有挑战性的，因为它需要在数据中未观察到的各种衍生物之间建模关系（\ textit {equation-data不匹配}），并且涉及在可能的方程式的巨大空间中搜索。当前的方法对方程式的形式做出了强烈的假设，因此未能发现许多知名系统。此外，其中许多通过估计衍生物来解决方程数据不匹配，这使得它们不足以噪音且不经常采样系统。为此，我们提出了D-Cipher，这对测量工件非常健壮，可以发现新的且非常通用的微分方程类别。我们进一步设计了一种新颖的优化程序Collie，以帮助D-Cipher搜索该课程。最后，我们从经验上证明，它可以发现许多众所周知的方程，这些方程超出了当前方法的功能。

随着时间的流逝，估计反事实结果有可能通过协助决策者回答“假设”问题来解锁个性化医疗保健。现有的因果推理方法通常考虑观察和治疗决策之间的定期离散时间间隔，因此无法自然地模拟不规则采样的数据，这是实践中的共同环境。为了处理任意观察模式，我们将数据解释为基础连续时间过程中的样本，并建议使用受控微分方程的数学明确地对其潜在轨迹进行建模。这导致了一种新方法，即治疗效果神经控制的微分方程（TE-CDE），该方程可在任何时间点评估潜在的结果。此外，对抗性训练用于调整时间依赖性混杂，这在纵向环境中至关重要，这是常规时间序列中未遇到的额外挑战。为了评估解决此问题的解决方案，我们提出了一个基于肿瘤生长模型的可控仿真环境，以反映出各种临床方案的一系列场景。在所有模拟场景中，TE-CDE始终优于现有方法，并具有不规则采样。

神经普通微分方程模型的动态系统，\ textit {ode}由神经网络学习。但是，ODE从根本上是不足以建模具有长期依赖性或不连续性的系统，这些系统在工程和生物系统中很常见。已经提出了更广泛的微分方程（DE）类作为补救措施，包括延迟微分方程和整数差异方程。此外，当通过分段强迫函数对硬质量和odes进行建模时，神经颂歌会遭受数值的不稳定性。在这项工作中，我们提出了\ textit {neural laplace}，这是一个学习不同类别的统一框架，包括上述所有类别。我们没有在时间域中对动态进行建模，而是在拉普拉斯域中对其进行建模，在拉普拉斯域中，可以将历史依赖性和时间的不连续性表示为复杂指数的求和。为了提高学习效率，我们使用Riemann Sphere的几何立体图来诱导Laplace域中的平滑度。在实验中，神经拉普拉斯在建模和推断DES类别的轨迹方面表现出卓越的性能，包括具有复杂历史依赖性和突然变化的DES类别。

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.